Water and type
The improvement of water is very important for human life and production. Various water-carrying appliances existed in ancient times, such as the Egyptian chain pump (17th century BC), the Chinese orange (17th century BC), the reeling (11th century BC) and the watermill (1st century AD). More famous is also the third century BC, Archimedes invented the screw rod, which can smoothly and continuously lift water to a height of several meters, the principle of which is still used by modern progressive cavity pumps.
Around 200 BC, the fire extinguishing pump invented by the ancient Greek craftsman Cortsipbius is the most primitive piston pump, which has the main elements of a typical piston pump, but the piston pump was only developed rapidly after the emergence of the steam engine.
From 1840 to 1850, Worthington, USA, invented the pump cylinder and steam cylinder opposed, steam direct-acting piston pump, marking the formation of modern piston pumps. From 1851 to 1875, multistage centrifugal pumps with guide vanes were invented one after another, making it possible to develop high-head centrifugal pumps. The 19th century was the climax of the development of piston pumps, which were already used in various machinery such as hydraulic presses. However, with the sharp increase in water demand, from the 20s of the 20th century, low-speed, flow-constrained piston pumps have gradually been replaced by high-speed centrifugal pumps and rotary pumps. However, reciprocating pumps still occupy a major position in the field of high pressure and small flow, especially diaphragm pumps and plunger pumps have unique advantages and are increasingly used.
Back to transformation
The emergence of rotary pumps is related to the increasing diversity of industrial requirements for liquid transfer. As early as 1588, there were records of four-vane sliding vane pumps, and various other rotary pumps appeared one after another, but until the 19th century, rotary pumps still had shortcomings such as large leakage, large wear and low efficiency. At the beginning of the 20th century, people solved the problems of rotor lubrication and sealing, and used high-speed electric motors to drive, suitable for higher pressure, small and medium flow and various viscous liquids of rotary pumps have been rapidly developed. The types of rotary pumps and the types of liquids suitable for conveying are beyond the reach of other types of pumps.
Centrifugal type
The idea of using centrifugal force to transport water first appeared in a sketch by Leonardo da Vinci. In 1689, French physicist Papin invented the volute centrifugal pump with four-blade impeller. But closer to the modern centrifugal pump is the so-called Massachusetts pump with radial straight vanes, semi-open double suction impeller and volute that appeared in the United States in 1818. In 1851~1875, multistage centrifugal pumps with guide vanes were invented one after another, making it possible to develop high-lift centrifugal pumps.
Although as early as 1754, the Swiss mathematician Euler proposed the basic equations of impeller hydraulic machinery and laid the theoretical foundation for centrifugal pump design, it was not until the end of the 19th century, when the invention of high-speed motors made the centrifugal pump obtain an ideal power source, its advantages were fully exerted. On the basis of the theoretical research and practice of many scholars such as Renault in the United Kingdom and Pufledreer in Germany, the efficiency of centrifugal pumps has been greatly improved, and its performance range and use fields have been increasingly expanded, and it has become the most widely used and largest output pump in modern times.